Variation in the Content of Chlorophylls, Carotenoids and Anthocyanins in Galls Induced by Neolithus spp. (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) in Sapium haematospermum (Euphorbiaceae)
Keywords:
Sapium, psyllid, insect induced plant galls, anthocyanin, cyanidin, photosyntetic pigmentAbstract
Agudelo, Ignacio; Marcelo Wagner; Rafael Ricco. 2017. “Variation in the content of chlorophylls, carotenoids and anthocyanins in galls induced by Neolithus spp (He- miptera: Psyllidae) in Sapium haematospermum (Euphorbiaceae)”. Lilloa 54 (2). Sapium hae- matospermum Müll. Arg. (Euphorbiaceae) is a tree native to South America and is usually infested by psyllids of the Neolithus genus, which induce the formation of galls in its leaves. The insect induces anatomical and biochemical changes that form a new structure with a particular tissue arrangement to protect the host. Photographs of red galls, green galls and mature fruit were obtained. Chlorophyll a and b, carotenoid pigments and anthocyanins were measured by spectrophotometric techniques. Also transversal cuts were performed in order to know the histological disposition of the anthocyanin compounds; the aglycone compound was characterized by chromatographic and spectrophotometric methods. Galls had a lower concentration of chlorophylls and carotenoids compared to healthy leaves. Anthocyanins were found in the external epidermis of red galls; this organ had the largest concentration of these pigments and the main aglycone was cyanidin. Green galls and healthy leaves didn’t have a detectable amount of these substances. Galls had a lower concentration of photosynthetic pigments; this is an indicator of a reduced photosynthesis typical of pho- toassimilates sinks. The anthocyanins are mainly cyanidin glycosides and are located in the external epidermis; this indicates and aposematic and/or an UV-protection function.
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