The Effect of environmental enrichment on Salvator merianae (Squamata: Teiidae) under captivity conditions.

Ana Gabriela Dantur; Alejandra M. Hurtado; Silvia N. Chamut

doi:10.30550/j.azl/2022.66.1/2022-06-08

Autores

Ana Gabriela Dantur Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5778-6583
Alejandra M. Hurtado Faculdade de Ciências Naturais e Instituto Miguel Lillo, Universidade Nacional de Tucumán, Miguel Lillo 205, 4000 Tucumán, Argentina. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5375-8910
Silvia N. Chamut Faculdade de Agronomia e Zootecnia, Universidade Nacional de Tucumán, F. Ameghino, El Manantial, (4105) Tucumán, Argentina https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4702-7641

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30550/j.azl/2022.66.1/2022-06-08

Palavras-chave:

Comportamento, Etograma, Recintos, Bem-Estar, Répteis

Resumo

O enriquecimento ambiental busca melhorar a qualidade do atendimento aos animais em cativeiro, gerando constantemente novas fontes de estímulos para simular um ambiente complexo e em mudança. Salvator merianae é uma espécie de grande lagarto cuja distribuição nativa abrange as áreas subtropicais e úmidas do sudeste da América do Sul. O estudo foi realizado na Fazenda Experimental de Lagartos pertencente à Faculdade de Agronomia e Zootecnia da UNT. Foram utilizados dois currais, um grupo controle R1 (Armário 1) e um grupo experimental R2 (Armário 2) onde os dados foram coletados sem enriquecimento (R2 W/O-E) e depois com enriquecimento (R2 WE). Foi realizado um etograma para registrar os diferentes comportamentos que foram então agrupados em oito categorias para avaliar como os animais passam o tempo. Foi realizada filmagem, que foi aplicada à técnica de amostragem animal focal com registro instantâneo e os dados extraídos foram despejados em planilhas individuais. O índice de Landau foi calculado para determinar a existência de qualquer hierarquia. Os dados sugerem que a modificação das condições dos recintos tem a capacidade de alterar o perfil de comportamento dos indivíduos. Apenas algumas categorias comportamentais mostraram diferenças significativas. Não houve diferenças significativas na frequência das categorias comportamentais entre homens e mulheres. Houve diminuição da frequência do comportamento reprodutivo em machos no R2. Não houve hierarquia de tipo linear entre os indivíduos. Houve diminuição das perseguições entre os indivíduos no R2.

Downloads

Não há dados estatísticos.

Referências

Beauplet, G. Guinet, C. (2007). Phenotypic determinants of individual fitness in female fur seals: larger is better. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences, 274, 1877-1883

Aparicio, M. A., Vargas, J.G., Prieto, L. (2005). Consideraciones sobre el bienestar animal. (PDF) CONSIDERACIONES SOBRE EL BIENESTAR ANIMAL (researchgate.net)

Barber, J., Lewis, D., Agoramoorthy, G., Stevenson, M. F. (2010). Setting standards for evaluation of captive facilities. Wild Mammals in Captivity: Principles and Techniques for Zoo Management 2nd ed. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 22-34.

Bashaw, M.J., Gibson, M.D., Schowe, D.M., Kucher, A.S. (2016). Does enrichment improve reptile welfare? Leopard geckos (Eublepharis macularius) respond to five types of environmental enrichment. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 184, 150-160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2016.08.003

Beaudin?Judd, J., Weladji R. B., Louis Lazure, L., Paré, P. (2019). Activity budget and spatial distribution of Bennett's wallabies (Macropus rufogriseus) in open versus closed exhibit designs Zoo Biology. Zoo Biology 38(3):258-265. DOI: 10.1002/zoo.21486

Benn A.L., McLelland D.J., Whittaker A.L. (2019) A review of welfare assessment methods in reptiles, and preliminary application of the Welfare Quality® protocol to the pygmy blue-tongue skink, Tiliqua adelaidensis, using animal-based measures. Animals 9(1): 27 DOI: 10.3390/ani9010027

Broom, D.M. (1991). Animal welfare: concepts and measurement. Journal of animal science, 69, 4167-4175 DOI:10.2527/1991.69104167x

Burghardt, G. M. (2013). Environmental enrichment and cognitive complexity in reptiles and amphibians: Concepts, review, and implications for captive populations. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 147 (2013) 286– 298 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2013.04.013

Burghardt, G. M, Ward, B., and Rosscoe, R. (1996). Problem of Reptile Play: Environmental Enrichment and Play Behavior in a Captive Nile Soft-Shelled Turtle, Trionyx triunguis. Zoo Biology 15, 223-238 DOI:10.1002/(SICI)1098-2361(1996)15:3<223::AID-ZOO3>3.0.CO;2-D

Castro Notario, F. 2003. Enriquecimiento ambiental para animales en cautividad. En: Bienestar Animal Experimentación, Producción, Compañía y Zoológicos Libro de Resúmenes II Curso sobre Bienestar Animal: experimentación, producción, compañía y zoológicos Curso de Extensión Universitaria Córdoba, Ed. Pilar Recuerda, Rosario Moyano y Francisca Castro I.S.B.N.:84-688-0964-0 (PDF) Bienestar Animal Experimentación, Producción, Compañía y Zoológicos | Vet Help - Academia.edu

Caldironi, H.A.; Manes, M.E. (2006). Proximate composition, fatty acids and cholesterol content of meat cuts from tegu lizard Tupinambis merianae. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 19:6–7, (711-714) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2005.09.005

Chani, J.M. (1995) Comportamiento agresivo y jerarquías por tamaño en Tupinambis teguixin (Sauria: Teiidae) Acta Zoológica Lilloana 43: 81-86

Córdova Izquierdo, A, Ruiz, Lang, C. G., Saltijeral Oaxaca, J. A., Xolalpa Campos, V., Cortés Suárez, S., Méndez Mendoza, M., Huerta Crispin, R., Córdova Jiménez, M. S.; Córdova Jiménez, C. A.; Guerra Liera, E. (2009). Importancia del bienestar animal en las unidades de producción animal en México. Redvet Revista Electronica De Veterinaria. http://www.veterinaria.org/revistas/redvet/n121209/120910.pdf

Dawkins, M. D. (2006). A user's guide to animal welfare science. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 21:77-82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2005.10.017

Eagan, T. (2018). Evaluation of Enrichment for Reptiles in Zoos, Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science, https://doi.org/10.1080/10888705.2018.1490182

Fitzgerald, L.A., Chani J.M.; Donadio O.E. (1991). Tupinambis lizards in Argentina: Implementing management of a traditionally exploited resource. Pages 303-316 in Robinson, J. and K. Redford, eds. “Neotropical Wildlife: Use and Conservation”. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, USA. Fleming, G.J., 2007. Reptile behavioral problems, enrichment, and train-ing. Procedings Natural American Veterinarie Conference. 21, 1539–1541. HALL, B.J. (1978), Notes on the husbandry, behaviour and breeding of captive tegu lizards. International Zoo Yearbook, 18: 91-95. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-1090.1978.tb00229.x

Harvey, M.B., Ugueto, G.N., Gutberlet, R.L. (2012). Review of Teiid Morphology with a Revised Taxonomy and Phylogeny of the Teiidae (Lepidosauria: Squamata). Zootaxa 3459 (1–156). (PDF) Review of Teiid Morphology with a Revised Taxonomy and Phylogeny of the Teiidae (Lepidosauria: Squamata) (researchgate.net)

Hayes, M.P., Jennings, M.R., Mellen, J.D. (1998). Beyond mammals: environmental enrichment for amphibians and reptiles. Second nature: environmental enrichment for captive animals. Ed. Shepherdson, D.J., Mellen, J.D. y Hutchins, M. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press (205-234). (PDF) Environmental Enrichment for Amphibians and Reptiles (researchgate.net)

Herrel, Anthony, Andrade, Denis & Carvalho, José & Assis, Ananda & Abe, Augusto & Navas, Carlos. (2009). Aggressive Behavior and Performance in the Tegu Lizard Tupinambis merianae. Physiological and Biochemical Zoology 82(6):680-5 DOI:10.1086/605935

Hertz, P., Huey, R., Garland, T. (1988). Time Budgets, Thermoregulation, and Maximal Locomotor Performance: Are Reptiles Olympians or Boy Scouts? Integrative and Comparative Biology, 28(3), 927–938 https://doi.org/10.1093/ICB/28.3.927

Hill, S. P. and Broom, D. M. (2009). Measuring Zoo animal welfare: theory and practice. Zoo Biology 28:531–544 https://doi.org/10.1002/zoo.20276

Hosey, G., Melfi, V., Pankhurst, S. (2013). Zoo Animals: Behaviour, Management, and Welfare. (2nd ed.) Oxford University Press. 672 p. Cap 7, Cap 8.

Jarnevich, C.S., Hayes, M.A., Fitzgerald, L.A., Yackel Adams, A.A., Falk, B.G., Collier, M.A.M., Bonewell, L., Klug, P.E., Naretto, S. y Reed, R.N. (2018). Modeling the distributions of tegu lizards in native and potential invasive ranges. Scientific Reports 8 ( 10193)

Kamaluddina, S. N.; Matsudab, I.,Munir Md-Zaina, B. (2020). Activity Budget and Postural Behaviours in Orangutans on Bukit Merah Orang Utan Island for Assessing Captive Great Ape Welfare Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science, DOI: 10.1080/10888705.2021.1910032

Koshen, H. (2013). Enriquecimiento y Bienestar de Mamíferos en Cautiverio Manual para Centro y Sur América (Primera Edición) (PDF) Enriquecimiento Ambiental y Bienestar de Mamíferos en Cautiverio | Halit Khoshen - Academia.edu

Kagan, R., Veasey, J. (2010). Challenges of Zoo Animal Welfare En: Wild Mammals in Captivity: Principles and Techniques for Zoo Management 2nd ed. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 11-21

Manes, M.E.; Ibañez, M.A.; Manlla, A. (2003). Factores físicos y conductas de nidificación de lagartos Tupinambis merianae en cautiverio. Revista Argentina de Produccion Animal 23 (119-126).

Manteca, X.; Amat, M.; M Salas, M.; D. Temple, D. (2016). Animal-based indicators to assess welfare in zoo animals. CAB Reviews 11 doi: 10.1079/PAVSNNR201611010 https://www.scribd.com/document/438113171/Manteca-Et-Al-2016

Maple T.L.;Perdue B.M. (2013) Environmental Enrichment. In: Zoo Animal Welfare. Animal Welfare, vol 14. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35955-2_6

Mason, G.; Clubb, R.; Latham, N.; Vickery, S. (2007) Why and how should we use environmental enrichment to tackle stereotypic behaviour? Applied Animal Behaviour Science 102 (2007) 163–188 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2006.05.041

McEachern MA, Yackel Adams AA, Klug PE, Fitzgerald L.A.; Reed RN (2015) Brumation of introduced Tupinambis merianae (Squamata: Teiidae) in southern Florida. Southeastern Naturalist 14: 319 – 328. DOI:10.1656/058.014.0207

Mehrkam, L.R.; Dorey, N.R. (2014) Is preference a predictor of enrichment efficacy in Galapagos tortoises (Chelonoidis nigra)?. Zoo Biology, 33: 275-284. https://doi.org/10.1002/zoo.21151

Munita, C., Tadich, T.A.; Briceño, C. (2016). Comparison of behavioral sampling methods to establish a time budget in a captive female cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus). Journal of Veterinary Behavior 13 (1-5). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jveb.2016.03.003

Newberry, R. C. (1995). Environmental enrichment: Increasing the biological relevance of captive environments. Applied Animal Behaviour Science Volume 44, Issues 2–4, September 1995, Pages 229-243 https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-1591(95)00616-Z

Noriega, T., Fogliatto, O., Mignola, L.; Manes, M.E. (1996). Ciclo biológico y patrones de comportamiento en una población de iguanas overas Tupinambis teguixin (L) (Sauria, Teiidae) adaptada al cautiverio. Revista Agronómica del Noroeste Argentino 28 (109-127).

Porini, G.M. (2006). Proyecto Tupinambis: Una Propuesta Para El Manejo De Tupinambis Rufescens Y T. Merianae En La Argentina. Manejo de fauna silvestre en la Argentina: Programas De Uso Sustentable, Dirección De Fauna Silvestre, Secretaria De Ambiente Y Desarrollo Sustentable, Buenos Aires. (65-75).

Rocha, C. F. D., Sluys, M. V., Vrcibradic, D., Kiefer, M. C., de Menezes, V. A.; da Costa Siqueira, C. (2009). Comportamento de termorregulação em lagartos brasileiros. Oecologia Australis, 13(01), 115–131. https://doi.org/10.4257/OECO.2009.1301.09

Rosier, R.L. y Langkilde, T. 2011. Does environmental enrichment really matter? A case study using the eastern fence lizard, Sceloporus undulatus. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 131 (71–76). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2011.01.008

Shepherdson D. J. (1994). The role of environmental enrichment in the captive breeding and reintroduction of endangered species. In: Olney P.J.S., Mace G.M., Feistner A.T.C. (eds) creative conservation. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0721-1_8

Shepherdson, D. J. (1998). Tracing the path of environmental enrichment in zoos. In: Second Nature: environmental enrichment for captive animals. Ed. Shepherdson, D.J., Mellen, J.D. Y Hutchins, M. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press (1-12).

Shepherdson, D. (2010). Principles of and research on environmental enrichment for mammals. Wild mammals in captivity: Principles and techniques for zoo management, 2, 62-67.

Shepherdson, D. J. (2013). Enriquecimiento ambiental. En Zookeeping: una introducción a la ciencia y la tecnología. Ed. Mark Irwin, John B. Stone y Aaron M. Cobaugh 688 pag. (475-487)

Swaisgood, R. R. (2007). Current status and future directions of applied behavioral research for animal welfare and conservation Applied Animal Behaviour Science 102 139–162 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2006.05.027

Tarou L.; Bashaw M. (2007). Maximizing the effectiveness of environmental enrichment: Suggestions from the experimental analysis of behavior. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, (189-204, 102(3-4) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2006.05.026

Therrien, C.L., Gaster, L., Cunningham-Smith, P. and Manire, C.A. (2007), Experimental evaluation of environmental enrichment of sea turtles. Zoo Biol., 26: 407-416. https://doi.org/10.1002/zoo.20145

Warwick, C. (1990). Reptilian Ethology In Captivity: Observations of Some Problems and an Evaluation of Their Aetiology Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 26 (1990) 1-13 https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-1591(90)90082-O

Warwick, C., P. Arena, S. Lindley, M. Jessop and C. Steedman (2013). Assessing reptile welfare using behavioural criteria. In Practice 35: 123 - 131. DOI:10.1136/inp.f1197

Watanabe, S. (2007). How animal psychology contributes to animal welfare. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 106 193–202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2007.01.003

Watters JV, Margulis SW, Atsalis S. (2009). Behavioral monitoring in zoos and aquariums: a tool for guiding husbandry and directing research. Zoo Biology 28: 35-48. https://doi.org/10.1002/zoo.20207

Wemelsfelder, F., & Mullan, S. (2014). Applying ethological and health indicators to practical animal welfare assessment. Scientific and Technical Review, Office International des Epizooties, 33, 111-20. DOI: 10.20506/rst.33.1.2259

Winck, G.R. Y Cechin, S.Z. (2008). Hibernation and emergence pattern of Tupinambis merianae (Squamata: Teiidae) in the Taim Ecological Station, southern Brazil. Journal of Natural History, 42:3-4, (239-247) DOI:10.1080/00222930701828667

Whitham, J. C. & Wielebnowski N. (2013). New directions for zoo animal welfare science. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 147, (247-260) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2013.02.004

Young, R. J. (2003). Environmental Enrichment: An Historical Perspective

In: Environmental Enrichment for Captive Animals. by Blackwell Science Ltd ISBN 0-632-06407-2 P 1-19 Print ISBN:9780632064076 https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470751046.ch1